https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00382-w
Regular Article
Temporal patterns of reciprocity in communication networks
1
Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, 1100, Vienna, Austria
2
Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland
3
Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, Aalto, Finland
4
Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Received:
14
July
2022
Accepted:
24
February
2023
Published online:
10
March
2023
Human communication, the essence of collective social phenomena ranging from small-scale organizations to worldwide online platforms, features intense reciprocal interactions between members in order to achieve stability, cohesion, and cooperation in social networks. While high levels of reciprocity are well known in aggregated communication data, temporal patterns of reciprocal information exchange have received far less attention. Here we propose measures of reciprocity based on the time ordering of interactions and explore them in data from multiple communication channels, including calls, messaging and social media. By separating each channel into reciprocal and non-reciprocal temporal networks, we find persistent trends that point to the distinct roles of one-to-one exchange versus information broadcast. We implement several null models of communication activity, which identify memory, a higher tendency to repeat interactions with past contacts, as a key source of temporal reciprocity. When adding memory to a model of activity-driven, time-varying networks, we reproduce the levels of temporal reciprocity seen in empirical data. Our work adds to the theoretical understanding of the emergence of reciprocity in human communication systems, hinting at the mechanisms behind the formation of norms in social exchange and large-scale cooperation.
Key words: Reciprocity / Temporal networks / Human communication
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00382-w.
Sandeep Chowdhary, Elsa Andres, Adriana Manna and Luka Blagojević contributed equally to this work.
© The Author(s) 2023
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