EPJ Data Sci. (2020) 9: 12
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-020-00229-8

Regular article

Public debate in the media matters: evidence from the European refugee crisis

¹ Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
² Swiss Data Science Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
³ Department of Political Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
⁴ Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany

^* e-mail: donnay@ipz.uzh.ch

Received: 6 November 2019
Accepted: 28 April 2020
Published online: 13 May 2020

Abstract

In this paper, we take a novel approach to study the empirical relationship between public debate in the media and asylum acceptance rates in Europe from 2002–2016. In theory, an asylum seeker should experience the same likelihood of being granted refugee status from each of the 20 European countries we study. Yet, in practice, acceptance rates vary widely for nearly every asylum country of origin. We address this inconsistency with a data-driven approach by analyzing refugee-related news articles and data on asylum decisions across 20 Europe countries for more than 100 asylum seekers’ countries of origin. We find that: (i) public debate sentiment in the media is strongly associated with European countries’ diverging asylum practices, much more so than social, cultural or economic factors, and (ii) by combining different measures of public debate we can make out-of-sample predictions within 3% of true acceptance rates (on average). We conclude by discussing the practical implications of our findings for European asylum practices.